The Pitfalls Of Redefining The Palestinian Struggle
When I excitedly shared the news on social media last week that the Indonesian island of Bali had refused to host the Israeli team as part of the Under-20 World Cup football tournament, which was scheduled to be held in cities around the country from May 20 to June 11 (although Indonesia has now been stripped of the hosting rights by FIFA), some readers were unimpressed.
Though any news related to Palestine and Israel often generates two sharply different kinds of response, the latest act of Indonesian solidarity with the Palestinian people failed to impress even some pro-Palestine activists in the West. Their rationale had nothing to do with Palestine or Israel, but the Indonesian government’s own human rights record.
This supposed dichotomy is as omnipresent as it is problematic. Some of the most genuine acts of solidarity with the Palestinians — or other oppressed nations in the Global South — tend to take place in other southern nations. But since they are frequently accused of having poor human rights records by Western governments and West-based rights groups, these gestures of solidarity are often accused of lacking substance.
Aside from the weaponization of human rights — and democracy — by Western governments, some of the concerns about human rights violations are worth pausing over: Can those who do not respect the rights of their own people be trusted to champion the rights of others? Though intellectually intriguing, the argument, and the question, lack self-awareness, reek of entitlement and reflect a poor understanding of history.
First, the lack of self-awareness. In the West, advocacy for Palestinian rights is predicated on reaching out to, educating and lobbying some of the world’s most destructive colonial and neocolonial powers. This advocacy includes civil engagement with countries that have, for example, invaded Iraq and Afghanistan, tormented Africa and continue to subjugate many nations in the Global South. These Western governments were also the ones who either handed the deeds of Palestine to the Zionist movement (the UK) or who have sustained Israel militarily, financially and politically for generations (the US and others). Even though little tangible progress has been made in terms of substantive political shifts away from Israel, we continue to engage with these governments in the hope that a change will come.
Rarely do Western activists make arguments similar to the ones made against Indonesia, or other Asian, African, Arab or Muslim countries. Personally, never once have I been reminded of the moral conflict of pursuing solidarity from Western governments that have long invested in the oppression of the Palestinian people.
Second, the entitlement. For many years, and particularly since the end of the Second World War, Western governments have endeavored to play the roles of judge, jury and executioner. They drafted international law, yet only selectively implement it. They passed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yet selfishly determine who is deserving of this humanity. They launched wars in the name of defending others, yet left in their wake more death and mayhem than existed prior to these “humanitarian interventions.”
Some human rights activists in the West rarely appreciate that their influence is largely derived from their geographical position and, more importantly, citizenship. This is why Hannah Arendt rightly argued that individuals can only enjoy human rights once they obtain the right to be citizens of a nation state. “Human rights lose all their significance as soon as an individual loses her political context,” she wrote in her seminal book, “The Right to Have Rights.”
Though some activists have paid a heavy price for their genuine solidarity with the Palestinian people, others understand solidarity in purely conceptual terms, without considering the numerous political obstacles and, sometimes, compromises an occupied nation faces.
The fact that Palestinian civil societies launched the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement in 2005 reflects the awareness among Palestinians that it will take more than individual acts of solidarity to end the Israeli occupation and to dismantle Israeli apartheid. Divestment means that companies that benefit from the Israeli occupation must sever their ties with Israel, even if some of these companies may have questionable practices.
The same logic applies to sanctions, which would require a strong political will by governments to ostracize Tel Aviv until it ends its occupation, respects international law and treats Palestinians as equal citizens.
If having a perfect human rights record was a prerequisite for government support, not many countries, if any, would qualify. Oppressed people simply cannot be so entitled, as they do not have the privilege or the leverage to shape a perfectly harmonious global solidarity.
Finally, the need for a better understanding of history. Prior to the signing of the Oslo Accords by the Palestinian leadership and Israel in 1993, the term “human rights” was an important component in the Palestinian struggle. But it was not the only or even the main driving force behind the Palestinian quest for freedom. For Palestinians, all aspects of resistance, including the quest for human rights, were part of a larger strategy of liberation.
Oslo changed all of that. It shunned terms such as resistance and redefined the Palestinian struggle, from one of liberation to one of human rights. The Palestinian Authority respected its assigned task and many Palestinians played along, simply because they felt they had no alternative.
Yet, by elevating the human rights discourse, Palestinians became trapped in entirely Western priorities. Their language, which in the past was consistent with the revolutionary discourses of anticolonial movements in the Middle East, Africa and the rest of the Global South, was rejigged to appeal to Western expectations.
This should not suggest that anticolonial movements did not champion human rights discourses. In fact, such discourses were at the core of the valiant struggles and sacrifices of millions of people across the world. However, for them, human rights was not an isolated moral position, a political stance to be used or manipulated to highlight the moral superiority of the West over the rest, or to sanction poor countries, often for the sake of exacting political or economic concessions.
Palestinians care deeply about the human rights of other nations. They ought to, because they have experienced firsthand what it means to be stripped of their rights and humanity. But they are also in no position, nor should they be, to condition solidarity from others on the West’s politicized human rights agenda.
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